policies institutional investors often say they are long-term shareholders, socially responsible investors, or stakeholder …

firm-years and over 172,000 shareholders, we find that the largest providers of capital were rentiers, men with no formal …

investment on the other hand, treat claims for damages by company shareholders differently. Advanced domestic systems generally … bar shareholders from claiming for reflective loss – loss that arises from injury to "their" company (such as a decline in … the value of shares). The claim for the loss belongs to the injured company and not to its shareholders. In contrast …

the information that shareholders would like to see in the “ideal” proxy statement. We ask:• What changes can companies …

Claims by company shareholders seeking damages from governments for so-called "reflective loss" now make up a … substantial part of the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) caseload. (Shareholders’ reflective loss is incurred as a result … systems of national corporate law (and other international law). ISDS arbitrators have consistently found that shareholders …

which shareholders monitored and exercised voice to one where there was more reliance on external forces and exiting …