Energy security is a comprehensive concept and pursuing it as a developmental goal entails first and foremost a clearer understanding of what it means. This study proposes six broad elements in assessing energy security, namely, sufficiency, reliability, resilience, affordability, accessibility,...

The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and mass scale-up of low-carbon energy and technologies are...