protecting their members from the negative effects of the global economic crisis. Using data for twenty one post … lose their jobs during the crisis. This beneficial effect of trade union membership was more pronounced in countries which … were hit by the crisis harder. At the same time, union members were more likely to experience a wage reduction, suggesting …

reviewing the main arguments in the Marxian framework that proposedly lead to crisis. Next, two schools of thought in the …

, which have been followed by a lasting crisis. The paper analyses the role of a high degree of regional heterogeneity for … public debt and monetary policy in the context of crisis. It is shown for Japan that the attempts to maintain regional … across Japanese regions pre- and post-crisis. The side condition is monetary expansion. A similar effect could emerge in …

, and the Euro/financial crisis in 2008-2009, which was followed by a general and intensive reform process in the years … business cycle oscillations. This has been especially so in the recent crisis and calls for fine tuning policy measures …

market by the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis, we document how provinces with a high organized crime presence have been … impacted less by the crisis in terms of the establishment of new enterprises than provinces with a lower criminal infiltration …. We provide evidence that the lower impact of the crisis is consistent with the presence of investments by organized crime …

demand shocks. Evidence suggests that firms in crisis drop or downsize additional products not related to their core product …