economic conditions at the time of hiring on future wages. Measured by the labor's user cost, the price of labor is …

-specific wage levels in a public-sector setting where wages otherwise are set according to individualized wage bargaining. The … agreement stipulated that wages should increase in proportion to the number of low-paid females within each establishment. We … find that actual wages among incubents responded to the share of females with a wage below the stipulated threshold …

The rarity with which firms reduce nominal wages has been frequently observed, even in the face of considerable … incidence of wage cuts and to assess the relevance of a range of potential reasons for why they avoid cutting wages. Concerns …