evidence on punishment preferences, in which subjects reveal a heterogeneous preference for punishing wrongdoers, our model … identifies circumstances in which “punitive” individuals (with stronger-than-average punishment preferences) will self …-select into law enforcement jobs that offer the opportunity to punish (or facilitate the punishment of) wrongdoers. Such “punitive …

Becker's theory of crime, penalties must be at least as high as expected benefits to deter crimes. For example, we start by … multiplying cartel infringement by the reciprocal of the probability of detection and punishment. When we factor in expected … discussed in the literature. By applying the empirically determined probabilities of punishment, we can calculate the minimum …

In three distinct disciplines, crime and punishment are studied experimentally: in empirical legal studies, in …

environment. Using geocoded crime data and a novel source of within-city spatial and temporal variation in punishment severity, I … consistent with police treating enforcement effort and punishment severity as complementary. I also find that citywide crime and … punishment and suggests that certain types enforcement can be reduced without incurring large public safety costs …

Moroccan descent convicted of a crime increased by 79% after the shock. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that more …

the impact of punishment severity on criminal behavior. In the theft value distribution between old and new larceny … incentives and deter crime in the long run. …