cooperation and sanctioning', 2007, KritV - Kritische Vierteljahresschrift fur Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft, 90, 1-2, 140 … them concerns the question of “who punishes”. In the first approach, punishment is executed by the group members themselves … individually, i.e., punishment is decentral in nature. The second approach is based on the idea that individuals may be willing to …

specialized enforcement technology is sufficiently effective, cooperation is best sustained by a "single enforcer punishment …We introduce the possibility of direct punishment by specialized enforcers into a model of community enforcement … following deviations by regular agent is that such actions, by reducing future cooperation, would decrease the amount of …

of punishment. This paper presents the first controlled experiment to study a third important factor that has been mainly … will be punished is dissolved and the timing at which the punishment is actually imposed, as well as the combination …: either no delay (immediate resolution and immediate punishment) or maximum delay (both resolution and punishment as much as …

-nudges affect punishment behavior, and how enforcement links to norm perceptions. Using a representative sample of U.S. participants … study that confirm the robustness of our findings in the context of whistleblowing. To explain the punishment patterns of the … norms are vague. Importantly, we find that punishment patterns in the first experiment closely follow these norm perceptions …

the accountable state by conducting a two-level public goods experiment in which civic engagement can build a sanction … taxation. In addition, we find that local social interaction among subgroups of participants also boosts cooperation. …

-group behavior of Syrian refugees and Lebanese nationals in a repeated public good game without and with punishment. We find that …