This paper investigates determinants of convergence in GDP per capita in the euro area and the EU between 1995 and 2021. It finds that the COVID-19 crisis temporarily slowed convergence but the estimated negative impact is significantly smaller than during the global financial crisis. Diverging...

Im Zuge der zunehmenden Internationalisierung der deutschen Wirtschaft ist auch eine wachsende Exportorientierung der deutschen Dienstleistungswirtschaft zu erwarten. Über das Exportverhalten von Anbietern unternehmensnaher Dienstleistungen ist jedoch im Gegensatz zu Industrieunternehmen...

The answer to competition from emerging countries with low wage costs must be very different according to the affected sector. We need to draw a distinction between manufacturing industry and services that can be relocated and other sectors: consumer services, retail, construction, most business...

This paper addresses the question of how far traditional assumptions about low-skill jobs are still appropriate today. Are we really dealing with activities without any particular skill requirements? How do firms proceed in filling such posts? What role is being played in this respect by...