economy only half of the West German level. Accordingly, the intensity of patent application and the innovativeness of …

This paper examines recent contributions on innovation protection practices in small and medium enterprises (SMEs … particularities on the appropriability of SME innovations are discussed. In this way, the paper contributes to the ongoing debate …

This paper re-visits the empirical failure to establish a clear link between R&D efforts and patent counts at the … industry level. It is claimed that the 'propensity-to-patent' concept should be split into an 'appropriability propensity' and … countries over 19 years. The results confirm that the R&D-patent relationship is affected by research productivity …

Unterstützung durch regionale Behörden und Organisationen sind von Bedeutung. Eine regionale Politik, die die Präsenz der KMU auf …

associated with their innovation performance. Using a sample of Flemish firms, we show that there exists considerable … heterogeneity in the type of links to science at the firm level. Overall, firms with a science link enjoy superior innovation …

technology sector. Innovation indicators include the ratio of patents owned by foreign residents and the number of patent …This study analyzes the role of economic indicators in country-level innovation, represented by patents in the … innovation; education enrollment stimulates innovation; among the sectors, government and higher education have higher R …

Financing constraints have been discussed as a major obstacle to innovation. Small and mediumsized enterprises and … provide external finance to innovative firms based on the firms' patent portfolios. Patents have been used as collateral or as … assets assembled in patent funds seeking to commercialize the patent rights. Patent auctions are indicative of a nascent …

Patents are widely used in the literature as a measure of firm-level innovation. It is regarded that patents improve a …

technische Innovation in Bereichen, in denen sich Entwicklungsaktivitäten wegen leichter Nachahmbarkeit und hohen … Patenten auf, so dass kumulative Innovation weniger zentral sein könnte. Außerdem unterscheide sich die Marktstruktur erheblich …. Zudem gehe es bei der Impfstoffdebatte eher um den Weg vom Patent zur Produktion als um die Entstehung neuer Produkte durch …