The informal economy is a phenomenon that affects most of the countries of the world, mainly tax collection potential, the generation of formal employment, productivity and business efficiency. In order to elaborate an inclusive method of the most significant current contributions, an...

The article provides a literature review on the topic of identification of supply and demand. In particular, it discusses the identification problem, that is the issue of having to solve for unique values of the parameters of the structural model from the values of the parameters of the reduced...

Purpose: Few studies have applied count data analysis to tourist accommodation data. This study was undertaken to investigate the characteristics and to seek for the most fitting models for population total estimation in relation to tourist accommodation data. Methods: Based on the data of...

In many contexts we may be interested in understanding whether direct connections between agents, such as declared friendships in a classroom or family links in a rural village, affect their outcomes. In this paper, we review the literature studying econometric methods for the analysis of linear...

This is an introductory article which explains the importance of explicit consideration and modeling of causality, contrary to current econometric practice, in order to use data set for extraction of meaningful information. One of the easiest to understand approaches to causality is via...

Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to estimate the interdependence between selected macroeconomic variables and non-performing loans in Ghana using a Bayesian Vector autoregressive approach. Design/methodology/approach: This paper used annual series from 2008-2017 which was interpolated into...

We write this essay for both lay readers and scientists, though mainstream economists are welcome to enjoy it too. Our subject is the basic toolbox of mainstream economics. The most important tools in this box are demand, supply and equilibrium. All mainstream economists – as well as many...

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the modelling and forecasting of unknown events or shocks that can affect international tourist arrivals. Time-dependence is vital for summarising scattered findings. The usefulness of econometric forecasting has been recently confirmed by...

We investigate the potential occurrence of change points—commonly referred to as “momentum shifts”—in the dynamics of football matches. For that purpose, we model minute-by-minute in-game statistics of Bundesliga matches using hidden Markov models (HMMs). To allow for within-state...