This paper argues that the natural rate of unemployment hypothesis, in which equilibrium unemployment is determined by … unemployment is haunted by hysteresis. The curious history of the natural rate hypothesis is considered, curious because the … regarding hysteresis effects on output and unemployment is then reviewed. …

This paper restates the post-Keynesian view of unemployment within a NAIRU framework. In the short run, the private …, the NAIRU will be endogenous because of the social norm character of wage setting and the supply-side effects of capital … accumulation. Capital investment rather than labour market institutions is the crucial variable that explains changes in …

of the individual is high compared to the bargaining power of the union, there is more unemployment with individual wage … vacancy is sufficiently high, there is more unemployment with individual wage setting. Finally, for a constant marginal … bargaining produces more unemployment. …

capital-theoretical approach to address these important issues. In what follows, we will discuss some of the more critical …

theoretical side, the criticisms have focused on the role of foreign income growth, capital accumulation, relative prices and …