Third-party tracking, the collection and sharing of behavioural data about individuals, is a significant and ubiquitous privacy threat in mobile apps. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was introduced in 2018 to protect personal data better, but there exists, thus far, limited...

The present paper considers a class of financial market with transaction costs and constructs a geometric no-arbitrage analysis frame. Then, this paper arrives at the fact that this financial market is of no-arbitrage if and only if the curvature 2-form of a specific connection is zero....