The Baltic Sea states and the European Commission initiated the intergovernmental Baltic Sea Energy Cooperation (BASREC) in 1998 and established it the following year. The aim of this study is to examine and compare the energy productivity change, energy technical change, and energy efficiency...

It is an important difference in different measures of the marginal cost of public funds whether to take into account the "revenue effect" emphasized by Atkinson and Stern (1974). This note tries to reconcile two competing measures from a general viewpoint. We demonstrate that the revenue effect...

Assume that the private goods and the public good are weakly separable, the private goods are gross complements, and the private utility function is a homogeneous of degree one function with constant elasticity of substitution. We demonstrate that, under commodity taxation, the social marginal...