Early studies often found that offering economic incentives for undertaking prosocial and intrinsically motivated activities can crowd out motivation to perform these activities. More recent work highlights nuanced and important features related to whether crowding out (or substitution) is...

Private charitable contributions play an essential role in most economies. Despite the existence of welfare states, people contribute money and supply volunteer labor to charity. From a policy perspective, there is concern that comprehensive government spending might crowd out these private...

Vor zehn Jahren hat der deutsche Wissenschaftsrat mit seiner Forderung nach einer Verstärkung der akademischen Forschungsleistungen an den deutschen Wirtschaftsforschungsinstituten einen Regimewechsel eingeleitet. Der Anstoß wurde von der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, der Dachgesellschaft der...

Angetrieben durch die Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrats und der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, aber auch, um sich im internationalen Wettbewerb besser zu positionieren, bauen die deutschen Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute ihre wissenschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit weiter aus. Dadurch wird die Qualität...

Entrepreneurs in low-income and minority neighborhoods encounter numerous problems in securing capital. To address this capital gap this paper considers a new role for private foundations as community development venture capitalists (CDVCs). It is suggested that through grant making and...

The objective of this paper was determination and measurement of the effect on the environment that application of central softening of water from the Grotowice intake can have. In order to carry out the said analyses, two levels of water softening were considered, i.e. up to hardness at the...

Social innovation enriches cities and drives their development by enabling improvements to products, services, processes, and methods. In this article, we define the concept of social innovation and explain which factors are essential to the social innovation process. We also examine the stages...

Socio-economic and political changes after November 1989 have strongly influenced Slovak society, with impacts being observed on almost all areas of economic, political, social and public life. Highly intensive development of the so-called 'third sector' has been among these factors. A new...

Poverty remains a pervasive problem all over the world, but the problem is worst in underdeveloped areas like Africa. While microfinance is supposed to address this problem through the promotion of viable businesses, it has not been very successful in helping survival microenterprises, i.e.,...

Although one of the primary objectives of microfinance has been the reduction of poverty through the provision of credit for income-generating purposes, evidence of its impact on poverty has been mixed. Even if there is no direct impact of microfinance, there may be an indirect positive impact...