competition from hard-discounters has grown, in most European countries concentration has also increased as a consequence of … cautiously enforce competition policy in this sector with the aim of preventing the market getting worryingly concentrated. Ina …

direct competition with the acquirer’s, the latter increase their assortment. This suggests that variety is a strategic … variable in retail chains’ response to changes in local competition. …

soft drinks. This study evaluates the pass-through of the tax, the influence on the tax of competition among different … competition faced by each store and find that with greater competition in the relevant market, there is less overall pass … greatest competition, the pass-through effect is perfect shifting. We also find that markets with greater competition show a …

Competition is a basic mechanism of the market economy involving supply and demand. The legislative framework of the … European competition policy is provided by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)(Articles 101 …–109). Without an effective EU competition policy, the Single Market cannot reach its full potential. Competition policy is also …

across industries. While it is unclear a priori what common ownership implies for competition, innovation, and consumer …