We use NOMINATE (Nominal Three Step Estimation) (Poole and Rosenthal, 1983, 1997) to estimate ideal points for all Supreme Court Justices in Brazil from 2002 to 2012. Based on these estimated preferences we identify the nature of the two main dimensions along which disagreements tend to occur in...

The starting point of the theory of contracts coincides with the Roman era, but the moment related to the strengthening of the contract theory is the "social contract". Another episode relevant to this theory is represented by the trend "institutionalism". The institutional value has...

This study investigates a novel consultancy contract mode for condominium management in Taiwan by using transaction cost theory. This study finds that consultancy contracts offer property management companies lower personnel costs and a lower tax burden compared with full-responsibility...

We offer the first direct evidence of an implicit contract in a goods market. The evidence comes from the market for Coca-Cola. Since implicit contracts are unobservable, we adopt a narrative approach to demonstrate that the Coca-Cola Company left a written evidence of the implicit contract with...

It has been widely argued that the European Economic Community (EEC) was based on principles of economic integrity and growth through the creation of a common market; this is not far from reality. The Treaty of Rome was full of provisions that enhanced economic co-operation and increased the...

The paper investigates the question whether constitutions are a proxy for institutional quality. It provides a discussion of institutions and states that constitutions are an example of a formal institution. As any other formal institution, constitutions are also influenced by countries'...

With the advent of global market interdependence and interaction, coupled with the consistent spread of the internet facilities across geographical boundaries, businesses engage in e-commerce practices either to augment existing on-ground businesses or as independent outfits. This study focused...

In recent years, access to German research data on labour markets and social insurances has improved substantially. Never-theless, reforms are urgently needed to catch up with other countries. Among the most important measures, the German governmentshould legalise the merging of information from...

Der Zugang zu wirtschafts- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschungsdaten bleibt inDeutschland hinter den internationalen Standards zurück. Eine Umfrage unter den Mitgliederndes Vereins für Socialpolitik ergab eine große Unzufriedenheit mit dem Status quo. DieBeiträge des Zeitgesprächs geben...

Despite some progress, German macroeconomists are generally dissatisfied with access to important data in Germany. Legal, technical and organisational obstacles abound, in particular as far as mergers of data sets from heterogeneous sources are concerned. This article suggests a number of...