The issue discussed in this paper is a bi-level problem in which two rivals compete in attracting customers and maximizing their profits which means that competitors competing for market share must compete in the centers that are going to be located in the near future. In this paper, a nonlinear...

Purpose: In order to better serve the transport demand of urban area by rail, the Urban Rail Train Stop Schedule problem was considered. Design/methodology/approach: Mathematic modeling as the Bi-level mathematical programming model with a game theory relation between the two level was used....

The paper deals with the actual problem of the functioning and development of district heating systems in the framework of the transition to intelligent energy, in which the active consumers (prosumers) holds the key place. The paper proposes an optimization mathematical model for management the...

We calibrate Linear and Mixed Integer Programs with a bi-level estimator, minimizing under First-order-conditions (FOC) conditions a penalty function considering the calibration fit and deviations from given parameters. To deal with non-convexity, a heuristic generates restart points from...

The objective of this paper is to present a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm to linear fractional bi-level multiobjective decision-making problem. TOPSIS is used to yield most appropriate alternative from a finite set of alternatives based upon...

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers is the evaluation of bank performance, which involves various criteria. There are many studies about bank efficiency evaluation by network DEA in the literature review. These studies do not focus on multi-level network. Wu (Eur J...

In this paper, a Multi-Choice Stochastic Bi-Level Programming Problem (MCSBLPP) is considered where all the parameters of constraints are followed by normal distribution. The cost coefficients of the objective functions are multi-choice types. At first, all the probabilistic constraints are...

New generations of high-technology products are frequently launched before the previous model is sold out. Customers have an incentive to end the use of their old product and purchase a new one with the latest technological innovations. The unsold old models become less attractive, while the...