The mounting balance of payments difficulties of most developing countries raise the question whether they are not aggravated by an international monetary system which is tailored to the requirements of industrialized countries and how the existing system could possibly be adapted to the needs...

The 1970s saw the recurrence of major turmoil in the international monetary scene in which Japan played no small part. Japan’s response to past monetary upheavals has always been passive and there were occasions when its passivity and delayed response so undermined the working of the monetary...

Recently the Interim Committee of the International Monetary Fund met in Hamburg without making significant progress on the proposal for a substitution account. One of the main initiatives toward restructuring the international monetary system thus was postponed if not indefinitely suspended....