moderator variable where internationalization was a predictor variable and IPO underpricing, a proxy of IPO performance, was the … underpricing. A non-founder CEO had a moderating effect on the influence of internationalization on IPO underpricing, whereas a … founder CEO revealed no moderating effect. Specifically, internationalization had a negative effect on IPO underpricing once …

underwriters' valuation and underpricing in 113 firms going public on Borsa Istanbul. It argues that underwriter discretion in the … valuation is crucial to underpricing in the Turkish market, where fixed price is the dominant method of offering and retail … initial returns. One standard deviation increase in deliberate discounts is associated with a 30.4% reduction in underpricing …

Recent evidence from U.S. markets shows that IPO underpricing is associated with high liquidity for issuing firms. One … explanation given for this link is that IPO firms simultaneously decide on share retention and underpricing to maximize … support the argument that IPO firms use underpricing as a tool to make up the reduction in liquidity caused by higher share …

The larger underpricing (15 percent) in the early years following the inauguration of Borsa Istanbul indicates the … markets. The underpricing in recent years (from 2010 to 2020) averages 5 percent. Micro-level uncertainties about the firm as … evidenced by the smaller underpricing in IPOs marketed using fixed offer prices, and the IPOs where underwriters signed on for …