This comprehensive study delves into the Harmonised Consumer Price Index (HCPI) behavior across European economies from the early 2000s to the post-pandemic period. By analyzing the patterns of convergence and divergence in HCPI persistence, the study aims to uncover the common external and...

We study monetary policy at the zero lower bound in a traceable three-period model, in which price-level targeting emerges endogenously in the welfare function. We characterize optimal price-level forward guidance under discretion and commitment. Potentially non-monotonic discretionary welfare...