This paper takes stock of global efforts towards financial reform since the start of the financial crisis in 2007-08, and provides a synthetic (if simplified) picture of their status as of January 2012. Underlying dynamics are described and analysed both at the global level (particularly G-20,...

Following the orderly British exit from the European single market in late 2020, the full impact of Brexit on the financial sector has been delayed by risk aversion in the public and private sector alike, in part related to the Covid-19 pandemic. It will take longer than many had anticipated for...

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) played a ground-breaking role in understanding the financial-sector dynamics of the euro-area crisis. It was the first public authority, and one of the first more generally, to acknowledge the role of the bank-sovereign vicious circle as the central driver...

China's recent emergence as a leading global economic and financial powerhouse has implications for all aspects of global governance. While a growing body of literature has analysed the consequences for international trade arrangements, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Multilateral...

This paper presents a holistic description and assessment of the European Union’s financial services policy since the start of financial crisis in mid- 2007. The decade-long sequence is divided into four themes, in broadly chronological order: the initial reaction to the 2007-08 financial...