history of past play has little effect on the level of corruption. …

The article investigates the causes, essence, and peculiarities of corruption and the shadow economy, as well as how … between levels of corruption and the shadow economy in all Central and Eastern European countries. However, the degree to … which corruption impacts the variation in the levels of the shadow economy differs significantly in countries across the …

The first step in solving the problem of corruption lies in diagnosing its root causes and determining the underlying …, thereby increasing corruption. Even worse, there are spurious intermediaries who obtain bribes in connection with public …

the corresponding version of a corruption game. …

Knowing whether corruption leads to higher emigration rates - and among which groups - is important because most labor … emigration is from developing to developed countries. If corruption leads highly-skilled and highlyeducated workers to leave … unemployment, lowering the returns to human capital and encouraging further emigration. Corruption also shifts public spending from …

The article presents a study of the corruption perception and the involvement of SMEs in corruption practices. The main … goal of the paper is to provide an analysis of corruption perception of the SMEs representatives, its parts and research … methodology to provide an adequate picture and analysis of corruption of the Kazakhstan. For obtaining a comparative picture, we …