, comprehensive patent protection is a necessary means to promote research and development. It yields additional returns that pay for … this dilemma, but the various dimensions of a patent system can provide a starting point in mitigating a trade-off. …

This paper analyzes how injunctions relate to patent hold-up problems. To this end, we present a simple model of … licensing negotiations between a patent holder and a downstream firm in the shadow of litigation. More specifically, we consider … the situation in which an injunction is granted as a matter of course if a patent is found valid and infringed upon in …