provision of vocationally relevant subjects, vocationally relevant skills and the development of vocationally relevant attitudes …, (3) whereas most graduate employers used to be concerned with the vocationally relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes …

employability by providing graduates with the skills and experience employers look for. These programs also increase the probability … that graduates will work abroad, and so may especially benefit students willing to pursue an international career. However …

does not verify all skills, when its standard rises, candidates with relatively low skills emphasized in the test and high … skills demanded in the job may no longer qualify. Hence, an increase in the testing standard may be counterproductive. One … implication is that policies should emphasize alignment between the skills tested and those required in the actual jobs, rather …

earnings, even for locals with relatively little education. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates …

Most empirical investigations of the effects of cognitive skills assume that they are produced by schooling. Drawing on … longitudinal data to estimate production functions for adult verbal and nonverbal cognitive skills, we find that: (1) School … attainment has a significant and substantial effect on adult verbal cognitive skills but not on adult nonverbal cognitive skills …