The relationship of companies in the maritime economy to banks has been neglected by researchers. While this is surprising, specific financing techniques in ship financing can be found. In addition, the topic has a high degree of currency: the relationship of shipping companies and shipyards to...

Regionalization and Federalization in European Union are concepts which should be clarified in order to assure best financial allotments through EU budget. Historical background can direct EU policies giving good practice guidelines for the future. Starting from the European models, now when all...

Tourism is an extremely complex phenomenon marked by major factors like the terrorist attacks and the refugees' invasion (the recent waves of migrants). This paper tests by empirical analyses if in the European Union countries, the gross domestic product in tourism reacts to the situations of...

Die Geschichte des wirtschaftlichen Wiederaufbaus im post-sozialistischen Ostdeutschland nach 1990 ist vor allem mit der viel diskutierten Treuhandanstalt verbunden. Verschiedene Narrative beleuchten langfristige strukturelle Veränderungen, kurzfristige Brüche, mittelfristige Dynamiken sowie...

Cologne has also benefited as a financial center from the specific momentum of the "economic miracle" since the 1950s. On the one hand, previously existing structures such as the excellent position of private bankers could be built on in Cologne, on the other hand, new business fields such as...

The protection scheme of the cooperative financial network goes back to the guarantee funds of the German ‹Volksbanken›, the world's oldest privately-financed protection system for banks. The core task of institutional protection is to protect the cooperative banks and hence the protection...

This article discusses the evolution of Tour de France TV broadcasting. Over the course of 70 years, the duration, quality and scope of the race's coverage changed dramatically. Three periods are identified. In a first phase (1948-1967), Tour de France TV coverage was just a relatively small...

One of the Wehrmacht's main goals in the Caucasus were the oil fields. A special unit for the Caucasus operation was the "Technische Brigade Mineralöl" (Mineral Oil Technical Brigade). The large volume of surviving files from the TBM allows us to glean new insights into the German prisoner of...

This article examines the determinants of household income among urban and rural areas in India and evaluates households’ performance with different characteristics in terms of poverty. It uses four rounds of data from the consumer expenditure survey (50th, 1993/1994; 55th, 1999/2000; 61st, 2004/2005; and...

The population of the planet is constantly growing, people are moving to the cities. Recently, more and more interest is being given to smart cities as a guarantee of at least comfortable living of citizens, as a maximum - an ultramodern autonomous city with artificial intellect, anticipating...