We study the timing of leniency applications using a novel application of multi-spell discrete-time survival analysis for a sample of cartels prosecuted by the European Commission between 1996 and 2014. The start of a Commission investigation does not affect the rate by which conspirators apply...

Purpose: As one of the most important overhead capital of urban economics and social development, the sustainable development of urban infrastructure is becoming a key issue of prosperous society growing. The purpose of this paper is to establish a basic model to analysis certain infrastructure...

Purpose: Recently natural disasters frequently occur all over the world. However, the stakeholder management of post-disaster reconstruction is often a neglected field because of its particularity. This study investigates a model of stakeholder management for managers in post-disaster...