In an overlapping generations economy with incomplete insurance markets, the introduction of an employment fund-akin to the one introduced in Austria in 2003, also known as 'Austrian backpack'-can enhance production efficiency and social welfare. It complements the two classical systems of...

The appearance of the national state is the most important event in the passage from the Middle to the New Ages. The rapid growth of commerce and cities strengthens the exchanges between different regions of Europe, primarily, and the rest of the world, secondly. The cottage industry transforms...

We construct comprehensive public sector balance sheets for Finland for 2000-2016 by complementing general government statistics with data on public corporations and pensions. These static balance sheets show that Finland's public sector net worth at end 2016 was - 160 percent of GDP, after...

The density and typology of existing social services in a given country are dependent on a set of factors including the social model, cultural, social and legal traditions, the general regulatory framework and those specific to the labour market, protection and social assistance, demo-economic...

Obwohl sich die Zahl der Menschen, die Grundsicherung im Alter beziehen, seit Einführung dieser Transferleistung im Jahr 2003 beinahe verdoppelt hat, Ende 2012 bereits knapp 465 000 Ältere im Durchschnitt mit etwas mehr als 700 Euro pro Monat auskommen mussten und die Dunkelziffer der...