This paper empirically examines the dynamic causal relationships between electricity consumption and economic growth … panels are not cointegrated. Bidirectional causality between economic growth and electricity consumption both in the short …. Unidirectional short-run causality is found from economic growth to electricity consumption for lower middle income panel and no …

This paper applies the most recently developed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) co-integration procedure to re …-investigate co-integration and the causal relationship between energy consumption and real GDP within a multivariate framework that …