As in many developing economies, cash is still widely used in Colombia, even among merchants who accept payment cards …. Indeed, 60% of these merchants use dissuasive strategies to make their clients pay with cash. This paper presents estimates … paid with cash or cards. We find the estimates are far below the rates that the industry charges because of the low …

The present paper provides an overview on current developments of cash usage and issue of central bank digital currency … (CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even …

cash holding. To do this, we use the new data for Poland and review original datasets from Bates et al. [2009] for the U ….S. We find no trace of a trend for Poland and believe most trends for the U.S. come from the cash piling toward the end of … the sample period. At best, the U.S. trend applies merely to small firms. We believe cash holding is a period …

The study explores the factors likely to induce Polish customers to pay by cash, instead of payment cards, for goods …; then, in the second stage, the OLS model is employed to analyze the propensity to pay by cash, despite having a payment … in diary studies. Furthermore, we show that instances of merchants' refusal to accept cash significantly impacted payment …

This paper explores the impact of contactless payment on consumers' demand for cash at an early stage of diffusion. The … unobserved heterogeneity in cash usage. The results show that contactless credit and debit cards exert no statistically … significant effect on cash usage after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Consumers' decision to use contactless payment is …

Will the widespread use of cashless payments reduce the frequency of the use of cash payments? This question is … important because the major costs of cash use are fixed costs that would only be reduced if the frequency of cash payments … substantially decreased, and thus the extent of the reduction of the cost of cash use depends on the frequency of cash use after the …

This paper examines the effect of financial literacy level on cash holdings in Turkey. Utilizing the Methods of Payment … Survey, which includes both financial literacy and cash-related data, we first investigate the fundamentals of financial …. Subsequently, we analyze how cash holding behavior differs among financial literacy groups. Our results reveal that financially …

The use of cashless payment instruments has been on an increase over many years now. At the same time, demand for cash … times. The increase in demand for cash known as the "banknote paradox" is a phenomenon observed in many economies. It … results from the existence of two streams of demand for cash - transactional and precautionary, and the differences in the …