One of the most important goals of a business unit is creating value and wealth for its shareholders and attracting them for more investment. The success of management, and consequently the success of the business unit, is measured by the level of value created for its shareholders. Economic...

In the context of global sustainable development, the relationship between environmental, social responsibility, and governance (ESG) performance and multi-stakeholder value creation has been widely discussed. However, there is a complex causal relationship between ESG performance and value...

Many managers are caught in a dilemma: between a desire to maximize the value of their companies and the demands of "stakeholder theory" to take into account the interests of all the stakeholders in a firm. The way out of the conflict lies in a new way of measuring value. The purpose of this...

The comparison of company performances, i.e., benchmarking, is becoming more and more critical. Presently, companies mostly use traditional financial ratios to evaluate their financial performance. We also use financial ratios to measure and compare company performances, from which we create...