, through the complementarity approach, whether the joint implementation of R&D subsidy and R&D cooperation increases or … (eco-innovative companies), compared to the sum of the individual impacts of R&D cooperation and R&D subsidy. Consequently …

that the efficient solution can be implemented combining a tax on emissions and a subsidy on clean output. The tax is lower … than the environmental damages, and the subsidy is equal to the difference between the price and the marginal revenue. In … the second part of the paper, the second-best tax and subsidy are also calculated solving a two-stage policy game between …