We estimate a model in which fiscal and monetary policy obey the targeting rules of distinct policy authorities, with potentially different objective functions. We find: (1) Time‐consistent policy fits U.S. time series at least as well as instrument‐rules‐based behavior; (2) American...

We use a novel methodology for modeling the socio-economic impacts of economic crisis in Germany, and apply it to estimate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. We estimate that German households lost more than 3 percent of their market income in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, with the effect...