One of the main components of the so-called welfare states is Public Pension Systems, whose analysis provides an image of a country's politics, economy, demographics and culture. There is now an intense global debate on the future viability and reforms needed to guarantee pension funding,...

Pensions are the main source of income in old age. Their main value is provided, in most countries, by public pension systems. Therefore, one of the main challenges for governments and policymakers is to enable people to smooth consumption over the life cycle in an appropriate scale. This...

Soy is one of the most important crops for human, animal and plant feed. The content of soybeans is rich in protein and fat, which gives this crop a very high nutritional value. In this paper we will analyze the surfaces, outputs, prices and value of Romanian imports and exports, soybean...

Sugar beet is of particular importance in the root market, being a biennial plant grown for sugar production, also used in natural medicine, cultivated for its fleshy root used as a vegetable in the human diet and as a fodder plant. This paper analyzes the data on the evolution of sugar beet...

In the context of an increase in demand for labor in the European Union's internal market (where there is a regulatory framework allowing free movement of labor), particularly in areas such as agriculture, construction and domestic services, romanians' tendency to emigrate increases with the...

The central bank's balance sheet has become the main instrument of monetary policy in the aftermath of the GFC and the COVID-19 health crisis. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze changes in the balance sheets' sizes and channels of base money creation in groups of countries, taking note...

Comparison of trends and peculiarities of financial systems in different countries, especially, in emerging markets, should start with setting the global context. The study identifies several periods of development of world financial institutions in the twenty-first century - deregulation...

Demographic developments are unfavourable for the financing of pension schemes in most OECD countries, implying continued growth in pension expenditure in virtually all OECD countries. This chapter examines the vulnerability of pension systems, with an emphasis on financial sustainability and...