This paper examines the issues of the aggregation and comparison of the credit ratings of various economic agents for risk management purposes in a commercial bank. The empirical results of the study make it possible to increase the assessment of credit risks based on the constructed system of...

Industry 4.0 revolution find a real interest of entrepreneurs but in the case of frontier and emerging markets it is difficult to find a reliable source of long-term financing. The decoupling of the technological evolution from the evolution of the access to financing capacities must be analysed...

Ratings in emerging markets can serve as part of the early warning systems to reflect the weak signals of potential risks to the entity from the environment. Emerging markets have specific features that rating agencies usually consider in judgments of their credit ratings. They are underpinned...

The central bank's balance sheet has become the main instrument of monetary policy in the aftermath of the GFC and the COVID-19 health crisis. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze changes in the balance sheets' sizes and channels of base money creation in groups of countries, taking note...

Acknowledging the importance and role of corporate reputation as a unique intangible and specific organizational resource, in this paper, we analyze its role and importance for the market success of contemporary banks. Furthermore, the paper provides an overview of the existing research...

A comparison of the most 30 influential cryptocurrencies has been made, based on the "CoinMarketCap" web page. Over the last few years, an increasing number of the world's population is investing in the cryptocurrency market. The emphasis is placed on Bitcoin, which is the absolute leader on...

Classical finance has undergone a major change in recent years. In our modern world, where risk becomes more complex and difficult to calculate, more sophisticated mathematical techniques and products are needed to quantify such new risks. The financial sector should have a solid structure in...

Comparison of trends and peculiarities of financial systems in different countries, especially, in emerging markets, should start with setting the global context. The study identifies several periods of development of world financial institutions in the twenty-first century - deregulation...

Regulation of risks in banking is driven by evolution of financial intermediation and markets, and vice versa. The study analyzes a changing nature of financial institutions' regulatory and supervisory trends in emerging markets over last 20 years, providing outlook for the future. Although the...