considerations. They argue that important policy goals like universal service will not be achieved by competition. However, an … my article, I describe a new concept of public-private competition, according to which governments use state owned … possible to extend public-private competition from urban to rural areas, where markets are too small to sustain more than one …

liberalization and their privatization which can be complete or partial such that upstream production is still run by an SOE. We show … in most cases even if a holdup problem exists. For any vertically separated structure we find that privatization through … multi-product firms welfare dominates privatization through single-product firms. -- Privatization ; vertical integration …

a major risk for potential investors. High entry barriers lead to weak competition. Reducing the role of the state in … the economy and WTO membership should be viewed as opportunities to strengthen competition, and hence provide incentives …