While the informal sector has received widespread attention in academic and policy arenas in recent decades, knowledge gaps and controversies remain. By examining the incidence and determinants of the formal-informal sector earnings gap for adult male dependent employees using two identical,...

I examine the incidence and determinants of the gender income gap in Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Serbia, Tajikistan, and Ukraine using recent household data based on an identical survey instrument across countries. Four main results are established, using a range of estimators, including...

In addition to the traditional education system targeting children and youth, one potentially important vehicle to improve literacy and numeracy skills is adult literacy programs (ALPs). In many developing countries, however, these programs do not seem to achieve these hoped for, ex ante,...