Pro forma estimation of financial statements often builds on constant ratios to sales revenue. While constant ratios may be relevant for established firms operating in predictable industries, they yield noninformative and possibly misleading information when applied to new firms, and...

Business angels (BAs) and venture capitalists (VCs) are important sources of finance for entrepreneurs in emerging markets for raising start-up and growth capital. Recognising that entrepreneurial investment evaluation decision-making is a highly complex process, and that there are limited...

The current maturity of enterprises has a significant development potential for the introduction of new technologies, and requires significant physical, mental and material resources. In this research, we examined the impact of the risk factors of Hungarian food production companies, Industry...

The article aims to identify disparities in the perception of business risks between the owners and managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the V4 countries. The statements of strategic, market, personnel, legal and operational risks are the research's subject. Disparities of...

The international business environment is very competitive, and enterprises should be aware of how to manage business risks, which methods to choose, and what impact these risks have on the sustainability of these methods and on the whole system. The aim of this article is to analyse the impact...

This paper considers a financing problem for an innovative firm that is launching a web-based platform. The entrepreneur, on one hand, faces a large degree of demand uncertainty on his product and on the other hand has to deal with incentive problems of professional blockchain participants who...

We examined the extent to which SMEs financing influenced economic growth in Nigeria through the use of time-series data from 1999-2018. After a literature search, other factors possessing the potential to influence the dependent variable ASGDP was added to the research model. Relying on...

We build a model of debt for firms with investment projects, for which flexibility and free cash flow problems are important issues. We focus on the factors that lead the firm to select the zero-debt policy. Our model provides an explanation of the so-called "zero-leverage puzzle". It also helps...

The optimal capital structure is a key precondition for business, even though defining the optimal capital structure is difficult. The available studies present many different and mutually contradictory factors that need to be taken into account in the strategic financial decisions of managers....

Start-ups are seen as the leading force in dynamically growing economies. Limited financing opportunities often prevent entrepreneurs from realizing their innovative business ideas or taking growth opportunities. However, in the context of the technological revolution, a fundamental change in...