South Africa is a developing country faced with diverse challenges like high unemployment, poverty, inequality and low economic growth. In an attempt to address these issues, government can embark on borrowing and incur public debt. Countries that run large persistent public debt signal negative...

Self-governments are given new tasks without guaranteeing resources for their completion, an example of which is lowering the school obligation age.There are also some savings of the state budget at the expense of territorial selfgovernment. All these and other changes, including those planned...

Die Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie stellt die Haushalte von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. Angesichts der zu bewältigenden Aufgaben haben der Bund und fast alle Länder für das Jahr 2020 den Ausnahmetatbestand der Schuldenbremse geltend gemacht und ihre...

The German Federal Constitutional Court has ordered a revision of public budgets following the correct interpretation of the German debt brake. The debt brake is an obstacle to necessary public investment needed for ecological transformation of areas such as housing construction and education....