A neglected aspect of regional trade agreements (RTAs) is their protectionist potential. In times of a stagnating World Trade Organization (WTO), growing economic nationalism and skepticism about the merits of free trade and trade agreements, the paper examines to what extent recently signed...

Mit der Wahl des US-amerikanischen Präsidenten ist das 1994 in Kraft getretene Nordamerikanische Freihandelsabkommen (NAFTA) zurück auf die Agenda der Handelspolitik gelangt. Auf Druck der USA fanden am 16. August 2017 die ersten Gespräche zwischen den NAFTA-Vertragspartnern USA, Kanada und...

The EU is a relatively open economy and has benefited from the global multilateral system. We argue that the EU should defend its strategic interests with three steps. First, it should collaborate with partners around the world in defence of multilateralism. Second, it should establish deeper...

Die Europäische Union steht ausländischen Direktinvestitionen bislang sehr offen gegenüber, entsprechend sind in hohem Maße Direktinvestitionen ausländischer Investoren zugeflossen. Doch das könnte sich ändern. Im September 2017 legte die Europäische Kommission einen Vorschlag zur...

The study utilizes the Autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) approach for cointegration and Granger causality test, to explore the long run equilibrium relationship and the possible direction of causality between international trade, financial development and economic growth for the Pakistan...

Regional integration occupies a prominent place in the economic policies of most sub-Saharan African countries. However, despite different waves of initiatives across the African continent, the majority of African regional schemes have not managed to achieve their ambitious goal of promoting...

Brexit became an important subject not only for academics but also for international institutions, research centers and consultancy companies, think tanks and independent experts. The aim of this article is to: (1) provide a general approach of the literature; (2) see how the effects of Brexit...

The purpose of the article is to review and critique the implementation of food export restrictions in times of crisis in addressing food security challenges. The methodological approach was to undertake a narrative literature review to outline the challenge of ensuring food security in times of...

This study investigated the trade efficiency and trade effects under Free Trade Agreements for Thailand's agricultural exports. There are five main trading partners comprising China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and India. The important agricultural commodities of rubber, cassava, fruits,...

Current European integration very much focusses on harmonisation and convergence. This streamlining goes far beyond what is demanded by economic reasoning and turns out - as the euro crisis has demonstrated - to foster tensions among EU member states instead of promoting a flourishing common...