abolished recently. Whereas other studies have shown no effect on enrollment, we analyze the effects on students’ budgets. To … identify causal effects, we exploited the natural experiment established by the introduction of fees. Tuition fees decrease … total expenditure moderately by about 4 %. With regard to financial resources, students are more likely to receive support …

students who take out a loan do not earn a degree (the dropout rate among college students is between 33 and 50 percent). We … and graduation rates among recent U.S. high school graduates. In our model, students may fail to earn a degree because …