four separate organization setups (Full Competition, Semi-collusion in Production, Semi-collusion in R&D and Full Collusion …). It is found that under technological proximity, competitions at the upstream stage depress R&D investment, and firms …

competition and aggregate innovation. We consider a two-stage game with a deterministic Research and Development (R&D) process … outputs simultaneously. We show that the inverted-U relationship between competition and aggregate innovation occurs if … competition is affected by the number of technology followers. However, the presence of more technology leaders decreases …

, competitive asymmetry, presuming that the competition among the companies is not equal and rivals do not consider each other at …