We analyze the energy market and ETS outcomes in Kazakhstan, a major fossil-fuel exporter. The energy market was characterized by the presence of large state-owned enterprises, prevalence of fossil fuel subsidies, and dominance of coal-fired generation. Despite the ETS, Kazakhstan's CO2...

The European Green Deal is a comprehensive strategy aiming to fully decarbonize the economy by 2050, with a key target of a 55 % reduction in carbon emissions by 2030. This study contributes to the debate around the European Green Deal by providing insights from different dynamic stochastic...

This paper contributes to mitigating the debate on whether carbon taxes have positive or negative effects on climate change by presenting an investigation on the relationship between carbon taxes and renewable energy consumption. Taking advantage of the panel CS-ARDL model, we distinctly inspect...