Background: When a privately owned firm or privatized government entity raises capital by selling its stocks for the first time to general public, is known as initial public offering (IPO). The underpricing phenomenon and ownership structure are important characteristics of IPO process that...

Traditional assets, like stocks and bonds, are mostly found to be highly influenced by uncertainties, and cause distress for investors most of the time, consequently investors look for safe investment options that can provide diversification benefits to cope with uncertainties. So, current...