Preface and acknowledgements -- Viking-age economic transformations : the west-Scandinavian case / Dagfinn Skre -- Trade and traders -- Approaching trade in pre-state and early state societies / Eivind Heldaas Seland -- The use of silver as a medium of exchange in Jämtland, c. 875-1050 / Olof...

"This timely book explores how Northern European countries have sought to balance their welfare states with increased levels of migration from low-income countries outside the EU. Using case studies of the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden, leading scholars analyse the varying approaches...