There has been renewed interest in the role of financial elites since the economic crisis of 2008. This edited book examines the role of financial elites from a historical perspective through a series of studies of various European countries throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Ottoman cash waqf contracts and the transactions from the 15th to 19th centuries: a source for the new cash waqf fintech contract model and sdgs -- Chapter 3. Ottoman practices of zakat (obligatory alms): a tax or charity? -- Chapter 4. Nano entrepreneurship...