high performance standards, for example, and well-designed school choice--but also raises considerable doubts about whether … many current school policies are effective in dramatically altering the opportunity structure. The evidence presented also … educational outcomes, human capital policy aimed at disadvantaged students, and private/public school choice. …

become part and parcel of the American public school system and the primary mechanisms by which teachers' voices are heard … - and heeded - in the policy arena. Teacher unions have grown in tandem with and in response to the expansion of the school …, the complex spaces they operate in, and the connections between militancy, activism, and school reform. Breaking free from …