externalities. These externalities are especially pertinent in metropolitan areas because there the infrastructure networks are most … intensively used and development densities are high. Increased externalities from motor vehicles called for the development of new … and the complex relations between the various travel externalities to the development of sustainable urban development and …

We investigate the effect of direct network externalities on the long- run dynamics of two-sided platforms. Two … characteristic of the two-sidedness is the existence of indirect network externalities between the two sides. How- ever, direct … externalities can also be important in one or both sides of the market. For instance, direct externalities include review systems …

subsidy level. This result is particularly noteworthy as we focus on what can be considered an uncongested city. This suggests …