In the last half century, the different healthcare systems of the world countries have undergone fundamental transformations in the structural designs, institutional regulations, and socio-economic and demographic dimensions. The nations have allocated a rising share of total economic resources...

Measurement of ability or inability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) is important to in describing the functional status of a person and then implementing an intervention. Evaluations of ADLs are mainly used in nursing and in rehabilitation of people with disabilities and the...

Activities of daily living are usually defined as skills needed in typical daily self-care. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are more complex skills beyond basic self-care, and their measurement evaluates how individuals function in their homes, workplaces, and outdoor...

Ageing populations in developed countries have placed increasing demands on health care services and drawn attention to how age is related to medical expenditure. The effect of ageing on health involves a mixture of biological and social factors that ideally requires an interdisciplinary...

This paper aims to provide a systemic vision of the role and specifics of a Covid-19 contact-tracing mobile application, which can be presented as a data-driven mobile application for citizens in urban data management processes and is essential for a sustainable urban ecosystem to inform the...