The chapter refers to the issue of oil prices in the context of international investment arbitrations whose jurisdiction is based on bilateral investment treaties (BITs) or the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). It first analyzes State and industry practice and as well as the legal conclusions of...

Since the mid-1980s, most countries, especially the developing, have become more open to foreign direct investment (FDI) aiming to benefit from its fiscal development contributions, as countries with a high level of investment systematically achieve higher levels of development. Accordingly,...