crisis. Within a partial investment model, two kinds of uncertainty are introduced: volatility and disaster risk. The article … important but often neglected element of micro- and macroeconomic theory. With the onset of the financial crisis in 2007 and the … of uncertainty in macroeconomic models against the background of the theory of real option values, with a strong focus on …

volatility level. The second chapter studies the price of the smile, which is defined as the premia for individual option risk … effects, i.e., it is possible that the structure of the volatility surface changes without a change in the volatility level … state, I show that this superior performance is directly linked to a third volatility factor which is unrelated to the …