different structural changes between countries to separate the respective effects. Our results show that the effect of entry … lead to misleading conclusions. We find no robust evidence that entry has a price-decreasing effect on markets with … originally 2 operators. However, the entry of a 4th operator does have a price-decreasing effect, but with different dynamics …

Recent empirical research relates lower aggregate total factor productivity to more dispersed productivity levels … firms to enter and will simultaneously prevent more productive firms from entry. To this end, I introduce endogenous credit … opportunity. Consequently, productivity dispersion increases and average productivity falls. I use the framework to assess the …

impact on productivity improvement in export market sales. As a result, exporting rms have a higher payo from R&D investment … productivity growth. The endogenous investment in R&D is an important mechanism that leads to a divergence in the long …

increased competition: inter- and intra-industry reallocations, firm entry and exit, and product- and destination switching … adaptation channels, notably firm entry and exit, and inter-industry reallocations. However, for surviving firms, product and …

employment. The main findings indicate that the probability of exit is higher for very young and rather old businesses and also … for relatively small businesses. Besides the overall finding of a higher exit risk in agglomerated areas, an above …-average level of highly qualified employees working in the establishments decreases the probability of exit. Accordingly, businesses …